If it’s only the database part that you’re looking for maybe you could look at https://nocodb.com/ Which is self-hostable.

Yes you can achieve this with Pocket or Wallabag, a FOSS alternative.

Wallabag also have an automatic tag feature that can add tag based on the URL, so it would be possible to make different reading lists as you suggested: https://doc.wallabag.org/en/user/configuration/tagging_rules.html

I use an old standalone alarm clock, that I put on the other side of the room. So I have to get up to turn it off.

I use markdown files + Nextcloud for synchronization. What I like about it is that I can use any markdown editor. Currently I use Nextcloup app on mobile and Pulsar or Nextcloud Web UI on desktop.